IELTS Writing Task 2: How to Write a Problem-Solution Essay

Problem-solution essays ask you to identify the causes or problems related to an issue and propose solutions. Common topics include: pollution, urbanisation, rising crime, youth unemployment, social media addiction.

The structure

Introduction Paraphrase the issue and state that you will discuss the main problems and solutions. 'The rapid growth of urban populations has led to serious challenges in many cities. This essay will examine the key problems this creates and suggest practical solutions.'

Body paragraph 1 — The problems Identify two problems and explain each one. Use specific examples. 'The most significant problem is the shortage of affordable housing. As more people move to cities seeking work, demand for housing far outstrips supply, pushing prices beyond the reach of low-income families.'

Body paragraph 2 — The solutions Match each solution to the problem it addresses. 'To tackle the housing shortage, governments could incentivise developers to build affordable units by offering tax relief on low-cost housing projects…'

Conclusion Restate the main problems and solutions in different words. End with a recommendation.

Key language

Problems: lead to / result in / cause / give rise to / contribute to Solutions: address / tackle / mitigate / reduce / alleviate / deal with